kasım 1963 ırak askeri darbesi

• 1963 yılında 13 ile 18 kasım arasında gerçekleşmiş askeri darbe. 250 kişinin ölümü ve nasırcıların ırak'ta iktidarı ele alması ile sonuçlanmıştır.
  
  nasırcılar ve baasçılar ramazan devrimi ile abdülkerim kasım'ın iktidarını devirmişti. fakat iktidarda güçlü olan taraf baas tayfasınındı. nasırcıların elinde ise sembolik bir cumhurbaşkanlığı vardı. ^* yeni hükumette ise en güçlü isim ırak baas partisi genel sekreteri ali salih el-sadi'ydi.
  
  el-sadi suriye ile birleşmeyi savunsa da ordu içindeki kasımcılar bağımsız ırak'ı savunuyordu. bu sebeple el-sadi ispanya'ya sürgüne yollandı. baasçı başbakan ahmed hasan el-bekir partiyi kurtarmak için parti ileri gelenlerinden yardım istedi. bunun üzerine de suriye merkezli baas partisi genel sekreteri mişel eflak ırak kolunun da yönetimini ele almaya çalışınca ipler koptu.
  
  abdüsselam arif'in isteği üzerine kardeşi abdürrahman arif ve diğer nasırcı subayların yardımıyla baasçılar yönetimden uzaklaştırıldı. başbakanlık koltuğuna tahir yahya oturdu.
  
  nasırcıların yönetimi ise beş yıl sürecektir.
  
  (bkz: 17 temmuz devrimi)
  
  https://en.wikipedia.org/…er_1963_iraqi_coup_d'état
  https://tr.wikipedia.org/…i/kasım_1963_irak_darbesi
• tam yerine geldi. "manzara koyduk ossun bu yazi ;
  
  "revealed: how the west set saddam on the bloody road to power
  
  the botched cıa attempt to oust the ıraqi despot last june, in which hundreds died, was not the first intervention by the us agency to have disastrous consequences. patrick cockburn tells of the coup it backed in 1963 that paved the way for the rise of saddam
  patrick cockburn
  @indyworld
  sunday 29 june 1997 00:02
  
  ıt was the cıa's favourite coup. "we really had the t's crossed on what was happening," says james critchfield, the head of the agency in the middle east which organised it. "we regarded it as a great victory."
  
  ıraqis have less happy memories of the day in 1963 when the ıraqi army rose in revolt. ıt was a coup which shaped the history of ıraq and much of the middle east for the rest of the century. ıt started saddam hussein on his climb to power. never again did his family and his political party wholly lose their grip on ıraq, despite wars and massacres in which more than one million ıraqis, kurds and ıranians were killed.
  
  ıraqis have always suspected that the coup was engineered by the cıa in much the same way that the agency had restored to power the shah of ıran in 1953. the difference in ıraq was that the overthrow of the existing government was far bloodier. after general abdel karim kassem, the country's populist leader for five years, surrendered he was summarily tried in a studio in baghdad radio station, tied to a chair and shot dead.
  
  now fresh evidence has emerged that popular ıraqi suspicions were correct. ın a new book* said aburish, a writer on arab political affairs, has gathered details of how the coup against gen kassem was organised and fine-tuned by the cıa. "we came to power on a cıa train," said ali saleh sa'adi, the minister of the ınterior of the regime which replaced gen kassem.
  
  the cıa also played a central role in preparing the death lists of those who were to be eliminated after the coup by squads from the ba'ath party. mr aburish says that he believes 5,000 were killed of whom he has collected the names of 600, including many doctors, lawyers, teachers and professors who formed the educated elite of ıraq.
  
  the death lists were drawn up in cıa stations across the middle east with the help of ıraqi exiles. ın egypt the agency was helped by an egyptian intelligence officer who got much of his information from saddam hussein living in exile in cairo. but mr aburish says: "the american agent who produced the longest list was william mchale, who operated under the cover of a news correspondent for the beirut bureau of time [magazine]."
  
  as the cıa lists reached baghdad the result was a massacre of extraordinary ferocity. pregnant women and old men were killed, some tortured to death in front of their children. mr aburish says: "saddam hussein, who had rushed back to ıraq from exile in cairo to join the victors, was personally involved in the torture of leftists in the separate detention centres for the fellaheen [peasants] and the muthaqafeen, or educated class."
  
  ıt was the height of the cold war. the cıa had just tried and failed to orchestrate the overthrow of fidel castro in cuba by a rebel invasion force. america was increasing its involvement in vietnam, where it similarly backed the elimination of 20,000 communists and anti-government sympathisers by assassination squads under the cıa's phoenix programme. a similar cıa- backed purge was about to be carried out in ındonesia.
  
  the foreign base for the ıraqi coup was kuwait, something saddam hussein may have remembered when he invaded the emirate in 1990. king hussein of jordan, who had close relations with the cıa, says that during the planning phase of the coup "many meetings were held between the ba'ath party and american intelligence - the most critical ones in kuwait."
  
  king hussein told the egyptian writer mohammed heikal that on the day of the coup, 8 february, a secret radio broadcast was made from kuwait "that relayed to those carrying out the coup the names and addresses of communists there, so they could be seized and executed." not surprisingly ıraq's claim to kuwait was dropped after the coup and only resurrected in 1990.
  
  ın the middle of the cold war the cıa took ıraq very seriously. ın 1959 allen dulles, the director of the cıa, told the senate foreign relations committee: "ıraq today is the most dangerous spot on earth." more specifically the danger to western interests came from an intense, unmarried army officer with a thin voice called general abdel karim kassem, who had just overthrown the hashemite monarchy installed by britain to rule ıraq at the end of the first world war.
  
  as soon as he took power in 1958 gen kassem began to offend britain and the us. they suspected his alliance in the streets with the powerful ıraqi communist party. he withdrew ıraq from the baghdad pact, the us-backed anti-soviet alliance in the middle east. he appointed british-trained leftist bureaucrats to run government ministries. most important, in 1961 he nationalised part of the concession of the british-controlled ıraq petroleum company and resurrected a long-standing ıraqi claim to kuwait.
  
  britain had lost its primacy in the middle east with its failure to overthrow nasser in egypt during the suez crisis in 1956. the us was taking over its role as the predominant foreign power in the region. the cıa decided to use the ba'ath party, a nationalist grouping with just 850 members but with strong links to the army. ın 1959 a party member named saddam hussein al-tikriti, aged 22, had tried to assassinate gen kassem in baghdad, but had been wounded in the leg.
  
  ın return for cıa help mr aburish says the ba'ath party leaders also expressed willingness "to undertake a 'cleansing' programme to get rid of the communists and their leftist allies." hani fkaiki, one of the ba'ath party leaders, says that the party's contact man who orchestrated the coup was william lakeland, the us assistant military attache in baghdad.
  
  accused by the syrian ba'ath party of co-operating with the cıa, the ıraqi plotters admitted their alliance but compared it to "lenin arriving in a german train to carry out his revolution." warned of plots against him, an over-confident gen kassem said: "ı myself am the father of conspiracies."
  
  gen kassem was largely right about the lack of support for the coup. the conspirators had to move early because of the arrest of one of their leaders, col saleh mahdi ammash, former ıraqi assistant military attache in washington, who was in touch with lakeland at the us embassy in baghdad. when the putsch began on 8 february the conspirators had just nine tanks under their control. as thousands of supporters of gen kassem rallied around him in the defence ministry, the tanks were able to reach the building only by at first pretending that they had come to support him.
  
  on the morning of 9 february gen kassem surrendered as the defence ministry came under air attack. after a swift trial he was executed shouting "long live the people." even then his supporters refused to believe he was dead until coup leaders showed pictures of his body on tv and in the newspapers. ""
  
  (bkz: https://www.independent.co.uk/…o-power-1258618.html)
  
  karma's a bitch hmm :)
  
  cok degerli mogadişulular (kulaklarin cinlasin kiymet'im nadir'im milyondabirim ... ) bu gavurca yaziyi google translate'de hemencik tercume ettirebilirsiniz.
  
  ( mouse sanitary pad gazillion thanx ! )
• sanılanın aksine nasırcıların yönetimi beş yıl değil, sadece üç yıl sürmüştür. zira nasırcıların etkisiyle 1964 yılında alınan kamulaştırma kararları ve sosyalist politikalar, yerli ve yabancı sermaye çevrelerini korkutmuş, bunun sonucunda abdüsselam arif 1966 yılında başbakanlığa abdülrahman el bazzaz'ı atayarak ırak'ta esen arap sosyalizmi rüzgarını yok etmiştir. el bazzaz ilk iş olarak kamulaştırmaları durdurmuş, özelleştirmelerin ve yabancı ortaklıkların önünü açmıştır. bu bağlamda, 17 temmuz 1968 devrimiyle sona eren nasırcıların iktidarı değil, ingiliz iş çevreleri ile sıkı bağları olan muhafazakar arif'ler rejimi olmuştur.