• rna'sı sars-cov-2 virüsünün nasıl çalıştığına dair tüm bilgileri içeriyor.

    sars-cov-2 virüsünün 30bin harften oluşan bir genomu var. insan genomu ise 3 milyar harften oluşuyor. virüs kanda gezerken denk geldiği insan hücresine dışarıdan yapışıyor. içeri giriyor. hücre yaşayan bir makine ve dışarıdan sızmalara karşı pek çok güvenlik önlemi var. ancak virüs içeri kafa karıştıran öyle moleküller bırakıyor ki hücre bir şeylerin yanlış gittiğini uzun süre anlamıyor, anladığında ise virüs hücrenin bağışıklık sistemine haber vermesini sağlayan sinyal sistemini bozduğu için her şey için geç kalınmış oluyor. bu noktaya varana kadar insan hücresi virüsün rna'sını kendi rna'sı sanarak defalarca çoğaltmış oluyor. hücre içine doluşan virüs kopyaları yine içeri salınan protein'in hücre duvarıdna açtığı delik ile kana geri karışıyorlar ve yeni hedeflerine yöneliyorlar.

    virüsün bir benzetme yaparsak 30 kilobyte(1) gibi düşünebileceğimiz rna zinciri aşağıdaki işlevleri yerine getiren aygıtları içeriyor.

    - hücre içi sabotaj
    - hücre içi yıkıma gidecek proteinlere müdahale etme
    - kendini çoğaltmak için baloncuk oluşturma
    - protein zincirlerini makaslayarak doğru yerlerinden kesme
    - kendi rna'sını kopyalama
    - hücre çekirdeğinde delikler açma (amacı henüz bilinmiyor)
    - büzülmüş rna zincirini geri açma
    - kendinin yanlış kopyalanmasının önüne geçen doğrulama mekanizması
    - kendi kalıntılarını temizleyerek hücrenin savunmaya geçmesini engelleme
    - kendini kamufle ederek hücre içi antivirüs sisteminin devreye girmesini engelleme
    - kendi rna'sının etrafını saran proteinden oluşan dış kabuğu
    - insan hücresine tutunmasına yarayan, dış kabuk üzeri çıkıntılar (corona yani taç ismi buradan geliyor)
    - hücre içinden kaçış yolu için delik açarak dışarı çıkmak
    - sinyal engelleme - hastalanmış hücrenin bağışıklık sistemine "beni kurtar" sinyali göndermesini engelleme

    bu işlevlerin her biri hücre içine yerleştirilen değişik proteinler yardımıyla yapılıyor. aşağıda tek tek bu proteinleri oluşturan rna zincirlerini ve sonuç olarak virüsün rna kaynak kodunu göreceğiz.

    açılış zinciri:
    virüs rna'sının ilk harflerine baktığımızda, bunun hücreyi "beni çoğalt" diye ikna eden bir zincir olduğunu görüyoruz. bu zinciri gören hücre gelen rna'nın kendisine ait olduğunu zannederek kopyasını yaratıyor:

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    orf1ab protein zinciri:
    virüsün kullandığı çeşitli araçlar var. her biri ayrı olan bu 16 protein rna zincirinde bir arada duruyorlar. orf1ab zincirindeki iki protein bunları "makas" gibi birbirinden ayırarak alt protein rna'larının ortaya çıkmasını sağlıyor ve bu proteinler aşağıdaki işlevleri yerine getiriyorlar:

    nsp1 proteini: hücre işlevlerini sabote etmek
    insan hücresi hem işlemek hem de kendini korumak için pek çok mekanizmaya sahip. virüs bu hücrenin faaliyetlerini işlevsiz kılıyor ve sadece kendisini çoğaltmasını sağlıyor. nsp1 proteini hücrenin kendi proteinlerini üretmesini yavaşlatıyor, böylece hücre sadece virüsü kopyalayan basit bir makineye dönüşüyor.
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    nsp2 proteini:
    henüz işlevi anlaşılmış değil. bir işlevi olmayabilir de. ancak virüs ile beraber geliyor ve hücre içine bırakılıyor.

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    nsp3: rna kesip parçalama ve hücre işaretlemesini bozma
    rna kesip parçalamayı yukarıda anlattık. virüs rna'sının alt parçalara ayrılması gerekiyor ve nsp3 bunu yapıyor ancak bu büyük proteinin bir işlevi daha var. insan hücresi artık işlevini yitirmiş ve yok edilmesi gereken proteinleri işaretleyen bir mekanizmaya sahip. nsp3 bu mekanizmayı bozuyor. böylece insan hücresinin işi yok edilmemiş ve istenmeyen proteinlerle doluyor. hücre sapıttığı için virüs ile mücadele edecek mekanizmaları devre dışı kalıyor.

    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ccagucuucuuacaucguugauaguguuacagugaagaaugguuccauccaucuuuacuuugauaaagcuggucaaaagacuuaugaaagacauucucucucucauuuuguuaacuuagacaaccugagagcuaauaacacuaaagguucauugccuauuaauguuauaguuuuugaugguaaaucaaaaugugaagaaucaucugcaaaaucagcgucuguuuacuacagucagcuuaugugucaaccuauacuguuacuagaucaggcauuagugucugauguuggugauagugcggaaguugcaguuaaaauguuugaugcuuacguuaauacguuuucaucaacuuuuaacguaccaauggaaaaacucaaaacacuaguugcaacugcagaagcugaacuugcaaagaauguguccuuagacaaugucuuaucuacuuuuauuucagcagcucggcaaggguuuguugauucagauguagaaacuaaagauguuguugaaugucuuaaauugucacaucaaucugacauagaaguuacuggcgauaguuguaauaacuauaugcucaccuauaacaaaguugaaaacaugacaccccgugaccuuggugcuuguauugacuguagugcgcgucauauuaaugcgcagguagcaaaaagucacaacauugcuuugauauggaacguuaaagauuucaugucauugucugaacaacuacgaaaacaaauacguagugcugcuaaaaagaauaacuuaccuuuuaaguugacaugugcaacuacuagacaaguuguuaauguuguaacaacaaagauagcacuuaaggguggu

    nsp4: baloncuk yaratan protein
    bu protein hücre içinde minik sıvı dolu baloncuklar yaratıyor. bu baloncukların içinde virüsün oluşan kopyalarının parçaları inşa ediliyor.

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    nsp5: diğer makas proteini
    bu da rna üzerindeki parçaları birbirinden ayırarak bu listede yer alan proteinlerin oluşmasını sağlıyor.

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    nsp6: baloncuk üretme proteini
    nsp3 ve nsp4 ile beraber çalışarak virüsün kopya parçalarının oluştuğu baloncukları üretiyor.

    agugcagugaaaagaacaaucaaggguacacaccacugguuguuacucacaauuuugacuucacuuuuaguuuuaguccagaguacucaauggucuuuguucuuuuuuuuguaugaaaaugccuuuuuaccuuuugcuauggguauuauugcuaugucugcuuuugcaaugauguuugucaaacauaagcaugcauuucucuguuuguuuuuguuaccuucucuugccacuguagcuuauuuuaauauggucuauaugccugcuaguugggugaugcguauuaugacaugguuggauaugguugauacuaguuugucugguuuuaagcuaaaagacuguguuauguaugcaucagcuguaguguuacuaauccuuaugacagcaagaacuguguaugaugauggugcuaggagaguguggacacuuaugaaugucuugacacucguuuauaaaguuuauuaugguaaugcuuuagaucaagccauuuccaugugggcucuuauaaucucuguuacuucuaacuacucagguguaguuacaacugucauguuuuuggccagagguauuguuuuuauguguguugaguauugcccuauuuucuucauaacugguaauacacuucaguguauaaugcuaguuuauuguuucuuaggcuauuuuuguacuuguuacuuuggccucuuuuguuuacucaaccgcuacuuuagacugacucuugguguuuaugauuacuuaguuucuacacaggaguuuagauauaugaauucacagggacuacucccacccaagaauagcauagaugccuucaaacucaacauuaaauuguuggguguugguggcaaaccuuguaucaaaguagccacuguacag

    nsp7 ve nsp8: kopyalama asistanları
    nsp12 ile beraber çalışarak hücre içinde oluşturulan virüs kopyalarının içine yerleştirilecek virüs rna'larını kopyalıyorlar.

    nsp9 proteini: hücre çekirdeğine saldırı
    insan hücresinin çekirdeğinde kendi genomomuz yer alır. nsp9 bu çekirdeğin duvarlarında delikler açar. bunun virüs'e faydası henüz anlaşılamamış.

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    nsp10 proteini: kamuflaj
    insan hücresi antiviral proteinler içerir. bu proteinler içeri sızan virüs parçalarını bulur ve yok ederler. nsp10 proteini insan hücresinin bu işi yapmasına engel olur. antiviral mekanizma virüsü pas geçer.

    gcugguaaugcaacagaagugccugccaauucaacuguauuaucuuucugugcuuuugcuguagaugcugcuaaagcuuacaaagauuaucuagcuagugggggacaaccaaucacuaauuguguuaagauguuguguacacacacugguacuggucaggcaauaacaguuacaccggaagccaauauggaucaagaauccuuugguggugcaucguguugucuguacugccguugccacauagaucauccaaauccuaaaggauuuugugacuuaaaagguaaguauguacaaauaccuacaacuugugcuaaugacccuguggguuuuacacuuaaaaacacagucuguaccgucugcgguauguggaaagguuauggcuguaguugugaucaacuccgcgaacccaugcuucag

    nsp12 proteini: kopyalama makinesi
    virüsün yeni rna'larının oluşturulması işlevini görür. çıkması beklenen meşhur remdesivir ilacı nsp12 proteinini hedef alarak virüsü işlevsiz kılmayı amaçlamaktadır.

    ucagcugaugcacaaucguuuuuaaacggguuugcgguguaagugcagcccgucuuacaccgugcggcacaggcacuaguacugaugucguauacagggcuuuugacaucuacaaugauaaaguagcugguuuugcuaaauuccuaaaaacuaauuguugucgcuuccaagaaaaggacgaagaugacaauuuaauugauucuuacuuuguaguuaagagacacacuuucucuaacuaccaacaugaagaaacaauuuauaauuuacuuaaggauuguccagcuguugcuaaacaugacuucuuuaaguuuagaauagacggugacaugguaccacauauaucacgucaacgucuuacuaaauacacaauggcagaccucgucuaugcuuuaaggcauuuugaugaagguaauugugacacauuaaaagaaauacuugucacauacaauuguugugaugaugauuauuucaauaaaaaggacugguaugauuuuguagaaaacccagauauauuacgcguauacgccaacuuaggugaacguguacgccaagcuuuguuaaaaacaguacaauucugugaugccaugcgaaaugcugguauuguugguguacugacauuagauaaucaagaucucaaugguaacugguaugauuucggugauuucauacaaaccacgccagguaguggaguuccuguuguagauucuuauuauucauuguuaaugccuauauuaaccuugaccagggcuuuaacugcagagucacauguugacacugacuuaacaaagccuuacauuaagugggauuuguuaaaauaugacuucacggaagagagguuaaaacucuuugaccguuauuuuaaauauugggaucagacauaccacccaaauuguguuaacuguuuggaugacagaugcauucugcauugugcaaacuuuaauguuuuauucucuacaguguucccaccuacaaguuuuggaccacuagugagaaaaauauuuguugaugguguuccauuuguaguuucaacuggauaccacuucagagagcuagguguuguacauaaucaggauguaaacuuacauagcucuagacuuaguuuuaaggaauuacuuguguaugcugcugacccugcuaugcacgcugcuucugguaaucuauuacuagauaaacgcacuacgugcuuuucaguagcugcacuuacuaacaauguugcuuuucaaacugucaaacccgguaauuuuaacaaagacuucuaugacuuugcugugucuaaggguuucuuuaaggaaggaaguucuguugaauuaaaacacuucuucuuugcucaggaugguaaugcugcuaucagcgauuaugacuacuaucguuauaaucuaccaacaaugugugauaucagacaacuacuauuuguaguugaaguuguugauaaguacuuugauuguuacgaugguggcuguauuaaugcuaaccaagucaucgucaacaaccuagacaaaucagcugguuuuccauuuaauaaaugggguaaggcuagacuuuauuaugauucaaugaguuaugaggaucaagaugcacuuuucgcauauacaaaacguaaugucaucccuacuauaacucaaaugaaucuuaaguaugccauuagugcaaagaauagagcucgcaccguagcuggugucucuaucuguaguacuaugaccaauagacaguuucaucaaaaauuauugaaaucaauagccgccacuagaggagcuacuguaguaauuggaacaagcaaauucuauggugguuggcacaacauguuaaaaacuguuuauagugauguagaaaacccucaccuuauggguugggauuauccuaaaugugauagagccaugccuaacaugcuuagaauuauggccucacuuguucuugcucgcaaacauacaacguguuguagcuugucacaccguuucuauagauuagcuaaugagugugcucaaguauugagugaaauggucauguguggcgguucacuauauguuaaaccagguggaaccucaucaggagaugccacaacugcuuaugcuaauaguguuuuuaacauuugucaagcugucacggccaauguuaaugcacuuuuaucuacugaugguaacaaaauugccgauaaguauguccgcaauuuacaacacagacuuuaugagugucucuauagaaauagagauguugacacagacuuugugaaugaguuuuacgcauauuugcguaaacauuucucaaugaugauacucucugacgaugcuguuguguguuucaauagcacuuaugcaucucaaggucuaguggcuagcauaaagaacuuuaagucaguucuuuauuaucaaaacaauguuuuuaugucugaagcaaaauguuggacugagacugaccuuacuaaaggaccucaugaauuuugcucucaacauacaaugcuaguuaaacagggugaugauuauguguaccuuccuuacccagauccaucaagaauccuaggggccggcuguuuuguagaugauaucguaaaaacagaugguacacuuaugauugaacgguucgugucuuuagcuauagaugcuuacccacuuacuaaacauccuaaucaggaguaugcugaugucuuucauuuguacuuacaauacauaagaaagcuacaugaugaguuaacaggacacauguuagacauguauucuguuaugcuuacuaaugauaacacuucaagguauugggaaccugaguuuuaugaggcuauguacacaccgcauacagucuuacag

    nsp13: rna'yı düz hale getirerek okunur hale getirmek
    virüs rna'sı sarmal bir biçimdedir. bu proteiinn rna'yı düzleştirerek okunabilir ve kopyalanır hale getirdiği düşünülüyor:

    gcuguuggggcuuguguucuuugcaauucacagacuucauuaagauguggugcuugcauacguagaccauucuuauguuguaaaugcuguuacgaccaugucauaucaacaucacauaaauuagucuugucuguuaauccguauguuugcaaugcuccagguugugaugucacagaugugacucaacuuuacuuaggagguaugagcuauuauuguaaaucacauaaaccacccauuaguuuuccauugugugcuaauggacaaguuuuugguuuauauaaaaauacauguguugguagcgauaauguuacugacuuuaaugcaauugcaacaugugacuggacaaaugcuggugauuacauuuuagcuaacaccuguacugaaagacucaagcuuuuugcagcagaaacgcucaaagcuacugaggagacauuuaaacugucuuaugguauugcuacuguacgugaagugcugucugacagagaauuacaucuuucaugggaaguugguaaaccuagaccaccacuuaaccgaaauuaugucuuuacugguuaucguguaacuaaaaacaguaaaguacaaauaggagaguacaccuuugaaaaaggugacuauggugaugcuguuguuuaccgagguacaacaacuuacaaauuaaauguuggugauuauuuugugcugacaucacauacaguaaugccauuaagugcaccuacacuagugccacaagagcacuauguuagaauuacuggcuuauacccaacacucaauaucucagaugaguuuucuagcaauguugcaaauuaucaaaagguugguaugcaaaaguauucuacacuccagggaccaccugguacugguaagagucauuuugcuauuggccuagcucucuacuacccuucugcucgcauaguguauacagcuugcucucaugccgcuguugaugcacuaugugagaaggcauuaaaauauuugccuauagauaaauguaguagaauuauaccugcacgugcucguguagaguguuuugauaaauucaaagugaauucaacauuagaacaguaugucuuuuguacuguaaaugcauugccugagacgacagcagauauaguugucuuugaugaaauuucaauggccacaaauuaugauuugaguguugucaaugccagauuacgugcuaagcacuauguguacauuggcgacccugcucaauuaccugcaccacgcacauugcuaacuaagggcacacuagaaccagaauauuucaauucaguguguagacuuaugaaaacuauagguccagacauguuccucggaacuugucggcguuguccugcugaaauuguugacacugugagugcuuugguuuaugauaauaagcuuaaagcacauaaagacaaaucagcucaaugcuuuaaaauguuuuauaaggguguuaucacgcaugauguuucaucugcaauuaacaggccacaaauaggcgugguaagagaauuccuuacacguaacccugcuuggagaaaagcugucuuuauuucaccuuauaauucacagaaugcuguagccucaaagauuuugggacuaccaacucaaacuguugauucaucacagggcucagaauaugacuaugucauauucacucaaaccacugaaacagcucacucuuguaauguaaacagauuuaauguugcuauuaccagagcaaaaguaggcauacuuugcauaaugucugauagagaccuuuaugacaaguugcaauuuacaagucuugaaauuccacguaggaauguggcaacuuuacaa

    nsp14: doğrulama mekanizması
    nsp12 proteini virüsün bir kopyasını oluşturuyor ancak kopyalama sırasında bazen fazladan harfler eklenebiliyor ve bu harfler virüsün işleyini bozabiliyor. nsp14 bu gelen zinciri kontrol ediyor ve fazlalık harfleri çıkarıyor.

    gcugaaaauguaacaggacucuuuaaagauuguaguaagguaaucacuggguuacauccuacacaggcaccuacacaccucaguguugacacuaaauucaaaacugaagguuuauguguugacauaccuggcauaccuaaggacaugaccuauagaagacucaucucuaugauggguuuuaaaaugaauuaucaaguuaaugguuacccuaacauguuuaucacccgcgaagaagcuauaagacauguacgugcauggauuggcuucgaugucgaggggugucaugcuacuagagaagcuguugguaccaauuuaccuuuacagcuagguuuuucuacagguguuaaccuaguugcuguaccuacagguuauguugauacaccuaauaauacagauuuuuccagaguuagugcuaaaccaccgccuggagaucaauuuaaacaccucauaccacuuauguacaaaggacuuccuuggaauguagugcguauaaagauuguacaaauguuaagugacacacuuaaaaaucucucugacagagucguauuugucuuaugggcacauggcuuugaguugacaucuaugaaguauuuugugaaaauaggaccugagcgcaccuguugucuaugugauagacgugccacaugcuuuuccacugcuucagacacuuaugccuguuggcaucauucuauuggauuugauuacgucuauaauccguuuaugauugauguucaacaaugggguuuuacagguaaccuacaaagcaaccaugaucuguauugucaaguccaugguaaugcacauguagcuaguugugaugcaaucaugacuaggugucuagcuguccacgagugcuuuguuaagcguguugacuggacuauugaauauccuauaauuggugaugaacugaagauuaaugcggcuuguagaaagguucaacacaugguuguuaaagcugcauuauuagcagacaaauucccaguucuucacgacauugguaacccuaaagcuauuaaguguguaccucaagcugauguagaauggaaguucuaugaugcacagccuuguagugacaaagcuuauaaaauagaagaauuauucuauucuuaugccacacauucugacaaauucacagaugguguaugccuauuuuggaauugcaaugucgauagauauccugcuaauuccauuguuuguagauuugacacuagagugcuaucuaaccuuaacuugccugguugugaugguggcaguuuguauguaaauaaacaugcauuccacacaccagcuuuugauaaaagugcuuuuguuaauuuaaaacaauuaccauuuuucuauuacucugacaguccaugugagucucauggaaaacaaguagugucagauauagauuauguaccacuaaagucugcuacguguauaacacguugcaauuuagguggugcugucuguagacaucaugcuaaugaguacagauuguaucucgaugcuuauaacaugaugaucucagcuggcuuuagcuuguggguuuacaaacaauuugauacuuauaaccucuggaacacuuuuacaagacuucag

    nsp15: temizlik proteini
    bu protein virüsün işlevlerinden sonra ortaya yayılan fazlalıkları temizliyor. bu fazlalıklara denk gelen hücre içi antiviral proteinlerin olayın farkına vararak alarm mekanizmasını çalıştırıp virüse karşı savaş açmasını engelliyor.

    agaguuuagaaaauguggcuuuuaauguuguaaauaagggacacuuugauggacaacagggugaaguaccaguuucuaucauuaauaacacuguuuacacaaaaguugaugguguugauguagaauuguuugaaaauaaaacaacauuaccuguuaauguagcauuugagcuuugggcuaagcgcaacauuaaaccaguaccagaggugaaaauacucaauaauuuggguguggacauugcugcuaauacugugaucugggacuacaaaagagaugcuccagcacauauaucuacuauugguguuuguucuaugacugacauagccaagaaaccaacugaaacgauuugugcaccacucacugucuuuuuugaugguagaguugauggucaaguagacuuauuuagaaaugcccguaaugguguucuuauuacagaagguaguguuaaagguuuacaaccaucuguaggucccaaacaagcuagucuuaauggagucacauuaauuggagaagccguaaaaacacaguucaauuauuauaagaaaguugaugguguuguccaacaauuaccugaaacuuacuuuacucagaguagaaauuuacaagaauuuaaacccaggagucaaauggaaauugauuucuuagaauuagcuauggaugaauucauugaacgguauaaauuagaaggcuaugccuucgaacauaucguuuauggagauuuuagucauagucaguuaggugguuuacaucuacugauuggacuagcuaaacguuuuaaggaaucaccuuuugaauuagaagauuuuauuccuauggacaguacaguuaaaaacuauuucauaacagaugcgcaaacagguucaucuaaguguguguguucuguuauugauuuauuacuugaugauuuuguugaaauaauaaaaucccaagauuuaucuguaguuucuaagguugucaaagugacuauugacuauacagaaauuucauuuaugcuuugguguaaagauggccauguagaaacauuuuacccaaaauuacaa

    nsp16: kamuflaj proteini
    nsp10 ile beraber kamuflaj sağlıyor.

    ucuagucaagcguggcaaccggguguugcuaugccuaaucuuuacaaaaugcaaagaaugcuauuagaaaagugugaccuucaaaauuauggugauagugcaacauuaccuaaaggcauaaugaugaaugucgcaaaauauacucaacugugucaauauuuaaacacauuaacauuagcuguacccuauaauaugagaguuauacauuuuggugcugguucugauaaaggaguugcaccagguacagcuguuuuaagacagugguugccuacggguacgcugcuugucgauucagaucuuaaugacuuugucucugaugcagauucaacuuugauuggugauugugcaacuguacauacagcuaauaaaugggaucucauuauuagugauauguacgacccuaagacuaaaaauguuacaaaagaaaaugacucuaaagaggguuuuuucacuuacauuuguggguuuauacaacaaaagcuagcucuuggagguuccguggcuauaaagauaacagaacauucuuggaaugcugaucuuuauaagcucaugggacacuucgcaugguggacagccuuuguuacuaaugugaaugcgucaucaucugaagcauuuuuaauuggauguaauuaucuuggcaaaccacgcgaacaaauagaugguuaugucaugcaugcaaauuacauauuuuggaggaauacaaauccaauucaguugucuuccuauucuuuauuugacaugaguaaauuuccccuuaaauuaagggguacugcuguuaugucuuuaaaagaaggucaaaucaaugauaugauuuuaucucuucuuaguaaagguagacuuauaauuagagaaaacaacagaguuguuauuucuagugauguucuuguuaacaacuaaacgaaca

    s proteini: virüs dışı sivri uçlar (spike'lar)
    virüs bu uçlar sayesinde hücreye tutunuyorlar. virüs resminde görünen yuvarlak yüzeyin üstündeki çiçeğimsi çıkıntılar bu proteinler. s proteini aynı zamanda virüs'ün dış yüzeyinde başka işlere de katılıyorlar. virüs'ü bu kadar tehlikeli hale getiren insan hücresine girişini çok büyük başarıyla yapması ve genel olarak s proteinine borçlu olduğu söylenebilir. virüse karşı ilaç araştırmaları s proteinlerini işlevsiz hale getirme konusunda da yoğunlaşıyorlar.

    auguuuguuuuucuuguuuuauugccacuagucucuagucaguguguuaaucuuacaaccagaacucaauuacccccugcauacacuaauucuuucacacgugguguuuauuacccugacaaaguuuucagauccucaguuuuacauucaacucaggacuuguucuuaccuuucuuuuccaauguuacuugguuccaugcuauacaugucucugggaccaaugguacuaagagguuugauaacccuguccuaccauuuaaugaugguguuuauuuugcuuccacugagaagucuaacauaauaagaggcuggauuuuugguacuacuuuagauucgaagacccagucccuacuuauuguuaauaacgcuacuaauguuguuauuaaagucugugaauuucaauuuuguaaugauccauuuuuggguguuuauuaccacaaaaacaacaaaaguuggauggaaagugaguucagaguuuauucuagugcgaauaauugcacuuuugaauaugucucucagccuuuucuuauggaccuugaaggaaaacaggguaauuucaaaaaucuuagggaauuuguguuuaagaauauugaugguuauuuuaaaauauauucuaagcacacgccuauuaauuuagugcgugaucucccucaggguuuuucggcuuuagaaccauugguagauuugccaauagguauuaacaucacuagguuucaaacuuuacuugcuuuacauagaaguuauuugacuccuggugauucuucuucagguuggacagcuggugcugcagcuuauuauguggguuaucuucaaccuaggacuuuucuauuaaaauauaaugaaaauggaaccauuacagaugcuguagacugugcacuugacccucucucagaaacaaaguguacguugaaauccuucacuguagaaaaaggaaucuaucaaacuucuaacuuuagaguccaaccaacagaaucuauuguuagauuuccuaauauuacaaacuugugcccuuuuggugaaguuuuuaacgccaccagauuugcaucuguuuaugcuuggaacaggaagagaaucagcaacuguguugcugauuauucuguccuauauaauuccgcaucauuuuccacuuuuaaguguuauggagugucuccuacuaaauuaaaugaucucugcuuuacuaaugucuaugcagauucauuuguaauuagaggugaugaagucagacaaaucgcuccagggcaaacuggaaagauugcugauuauaauuauaaauuaccagaugauuuuacaggcugcguuauagcuuggaauucuaacaaucuugauucuaagguuggugguaauuauaauuaccuguauagauuguuuaggaagucuaaucucaaaccuuuugagagagauauuucaacugaaaucuaucaggccgguagcacaccuuguaaugguguugaagguuuuaauuguuacuuuccuuuacaaucauaugguuuccaacccacuaaugguguugguuaccaaccauacagaguaguaguacuuucuuuugaacuucuacaugcaccagcaacuguuuguggaccuaaaaagucuacuaauuugguuaaaaacaaaugugucaauuucaacuucaaugguuuaacaggcacagguguucuuacugagucuaacaaaaaguuucugccuuuccaacaauuuggcagagacauugcugacacuacugaugcuguccgugauccacagacacuugagauucuugacauuacaccauguucuuuugguggugucaguguuauaacaccaggaacaaauacuucuaaccagguugcuguucuuuaucaggauguuaacugcacagaagucccuguugcuauucaugcagaucaacuuacuccuacuuggcguguuuauucuacagguucuaauguuuuucaaacacgugcaggcuguuuaauaggggcugaacaugucaacaacucauaugagugugacauacccauuggugcagguauaugcgcuaguuaucagacucagacuaauucuccucggcgggcacguaguguagcuagucaauccaucauugccuacacuaugucacuuggugcagaaaauucaguugcuuacucuaauaacucuauugccauacccacaaauuuuacuauuaguguuaccacagaaauucuaccagugucuaugaccaagacaucaguagauuguacaauguacauuuguggugauucaacugaaugcagcaaucuuuuguugcaauauggcaguuuuuguacacaauuaaaccgugcuuuaacuggaauagcuguugaacaagacaaaaacacccaagaaguuuuugcacaagucaaacaaauuuacaaaacaccaccaauuaaagauuuuggugguuuuaauuuuucacaaauauuaccagauccaucaaaaccaagcaagaggucauuuauugaagaucuacuuuucaacaaagugacacuugcagaugcuggcuucaucaaacaauauggugauugccuuggugauauugcugcuagagaccucauuugugcacaaaaguuuaacggccuuacuguuuugccaccuuugcucacagaugaaaugauugcucaauacacuucugcacuguuagcggguacaaucacuucugguuggaccuuuggugcaggugcugcauuacaaauaccauuugcuaugcaaauggcuuauagguuuaaugguauuggaguuacacagaauguucucuaugagaaccaaaaauugauugccaaccaauuuaauagugcuauuggcaaaauucaagacucacuuucuuccacagcaagugcacuuggaaaacuucaagauguggucaaccaaaaugcacaagcuuuaaacacgcuuguuaaacaacuuagcuccaauuuuggugcaauuucaaguguuuuaaaugauauccuuucacgucuugacaaaguugaggcugaagugcaaauugauagguugaucacaggcagacuucaaaguuugcagacauaugugacucaacaauuaauuagagcugcagaaaucagagcuucugcuaaucuugcugcuacuaaaaugucagaguguguacuuggacaaucaaaaagaguugauuuuuguggaaagggcuaucaucuuauguccuucccucagucagcaccucaugguguagucuucuugcaugugacuuaugucccugcacaagaaaagaacuucacaacugcuccugccauuugucaugauggaaaagcacacuuuccucgugaaggugucuuuguuucaaauggcacacacugguuuguaacacaaaggaauuuuuaugaaccacaaaucauuacuacagacaacacauuugugucugguaacugugauguuguaauaggaauugucaacaacacaguuuaugauccuuugcaaccugaauuagacucauucaaggaggaguuagauaaauauuuuaagaaucauacaucaccagauguugauuuaggugacaucucuggcauuaaugcuucaguuguaaacauucaaaaagaaauugaccgccucaaugagguugccaagaauuuaaaugaaucucucaucgaucuccaagaacuuggaaaguaugagcaguauauaaaauggccaugguacauuuggcuagguuuuauagcuggcuugauugccauaguaauggugacaauuaugcuuugcuguaugaccaguugcuguaguugucucaagggcuguuguucuuguggauccugcugcaaauuugaugaagacgacucugagccagugcucaaaggagucaaauuacauuacacauaaacgaacuu

    orf3a proteini:
    insan hücresi virüsün attığı zokayı yutup kendi elleriyle virüsün kopyalarını oluşturduktan sonra bu virüslerin hücreyi terkederek kana tekrar karışmaları ve yeni hedef hücreler aramaları gerekiyor. orf3a proteini hem hücre duvarında delik açarak bu işi sağlıyor hem de hücre içi iltihaplanma başlatarak hücrenin dolayısıyla vücudun zarar görmesine yol açıyor.

    auggauuuguuuaugagaaucuucacaauuggaacuguaacuuugaagcaaggugaaaucaaggaugcuacuccuucagauuuuguucgcgcuacugcaacgauaccgauacaagccucacucccuuucggauggcuuauuguuggcguugcacuucuugcuguuuuucagagcgcuuccaaaaucauaacccucaaaaagagauggcaacuagcacucuccaaggguguucacuuuguuugcaacuugcuguuguuguuuguaacaguuuacucacaccuuuugcucguugcugcuggccuugaagccccuuuucucuaucuuuaugcuuuagucuacuucuugcagaguauaaacuuuguaagaauaauaaugaggcuuuggcuuugcuggaaaugccguuccaaaaacccauuacuuuaugaugccaacuauuuucuuugcuggcauacuaauuguuacgacuauuguauaccuuacaauaguguaacuucuucaauugucauuacuucaggugauggcacaacaaguccuauuucugaacaugacuaccagauuggugguuauacugaaaaaugggaaucuggaguaaaagacuguguuguauuacacaguuacuucacuucagacuauuaccagcuguacucaacucaauugaguacagacacugguguugaacauguuaccuucuucaucuacaauaaaauuguugaugagccugaagaacauguccaaauucacacaaucgacgguucauccggaguuguuaauccaguaauggaaccaauuuaugaugaaccgacgacgacuacuagcgugccuuuguaagcacaagcugaugaguacgaacuu

    e - zarf proteini

    bu da virüsün yağlı baloncuk çevresini oluşturan protein. membran yani m proteini ile beraber çalışıyor.

    auguacucauucguuucggaagagacagguacguuaauaguuaauagcguacuucuuuuucuugcuuucgugguauucuugcuaguuacacuagccauccuuacugcgcuucgauugugugcguacugcugcaauauuguuaacgugagucuuguaaaaccuucuuuuuacguuuacucucguguuaaaaaucugaauucuucuagaguuccugaucuucuggucuaaacgaacuaaauauuauauuaguuuuucuguuuggaacuuuaauuuuagcc

    m - membran proteini

    virüsün dış yapısını oluşturan protein. içindeki rna'ları gizliyor hem de üzerindeki dikenli uçları tutuyor. e proteini ile beraber çalışıyor.

    auggcagauuccaacgguacuauuaccguugaagagcuuaaaaagcuccuugaacaauggaaccuaguaauagguuuccuauuccuuacauggauuugucuucuacaauuugccuaugccaacaggaauagguuuuuguauauaauuaaguuaauuuuccucuggcuguuauggccaguaacuuuagcuuguuuugugcuugcugcuguuuacagaauaaauuggaucaccgguggaauugcuaucgcaauggcuugucuuguaggcuugauguggcucagcuacuucauugcuucuuucagacuguuugcgcguacgcguuccauguggucauucaauccagaaacuaacauucuucucaacgugccacuccauggcacuauucugaccagaccgcuucuagaaagugaacucguaaucggagcugugauccuucguggacaucuucguauugcuggacaccaucuaggacgcugugacaucaaggaccugccuaaagaaaucacuguugcuacaucacgaacgcuuucuuauuacaaauugggagcuucgcagcguguagcaggugacucagguuuugcugcauacagucgcuacaggauuggcaacuauaaauuaaacacagaccauuccaguagcagugacaauauugcuuugcuuguacaguaagugacaacag

    orf6 proteini: sinyal engelleyici
    insan hücresi yanlış giden bir şeyler olduğunu farkettiğinde vücudun bağışıklık sistemini harekete geçiren bir sinyal üretiyor. orf6 proteini bu sinyalin iletilmesini engelliyor.

    auguuucaucucguugacuuucagguuacuauagcagagauauuacuaauuauuaugaggacuuuuaaaguuuccauuuggaaucuugauuacaucauaaaccucauaauuaaaaauuuaucuaagucacuaacugagaauaaauauucucaauuagaugaagagcaaccaauggagauugauuaaacgaac

    orf7a: kopyalanan virüsün hücreden çıkmasını sağlayan protein
    insan hücresi içeride oluşan virüslerden sonra bile savaşmaktan vazgeçmiyor ve tetherin isimli bir protein yardımıyla onların hücreyi terketmesini engellemeye çalışıyor. orf7a hücrenin bu proteini salmasına engel olarak virüslerin zarar görmeden hücre dışına çıkmasına yardımcı oluyor.

    augaaaauuauucuuuucuuggcacugauaacacucgcuacuugugagcuuuaucacuaccaagaguguguuagagguacaacaguacuuuuaaaagaaccuugcucuucuggaacauacgagggcaauucaccauuucauccucuagcugauaacaaauuugcacugacuugcuuuagcacucaauuugcuuuugcuuguccugacggcguaaaacacgucuaucaguuacgugccagaucaguuucaccuaaacuguucaucagacaagaggaaguucaagaacuuuacucuccaauuuuucuuauuguugcggcaauaguguuuauaacacuuugcuucacacucaaaagaaagacagaaugauugaacuuucauuaauugacuucuauuugugcuuuuuagccuuucugcuauuccuuguuuuaauuaugcuuauuaucuuuugguucucacuugaacugcaagaucauaaugaaacuugucacgccuaaacgaac

    orf8: ne olduğu belli olmayan gizemli protein
    bütün coronavirüs ailesine kıyasla bu virüs'te oldukça farklı hali bulunan bir protein. ne iş yaptığı henüz anlaşılabilmiş değil.

    augaaauuucuuguuuucuuaggaaucaucacaacuguagcugcauuucaccaagaauguaguuuacagucauguacucaacaucaaccauauguaguugaugacccguguccuauucacuucuauucuaaaugguauauuagaguaggagcuagaaaaucagcaccuuuaauugaauugugcguggaugaggcugguucuaaaucacccauucaguacaucgauaucgguaauuauacaguuuccuguuuaccuuuuacaauuaauugccaggaaccuaaauuggguagucuuguagugcguuguucguucuaugaagacuuuuuagaguaucaugacguucguguuguuuuagauuucaucuaaacgaacaaacuaaa

    n proteini: koruyucu
    n proteini virüs rna'sının hücre içinde kıvrılıp dönerek sağlam ve bir arada durmasını sağlıyor.

    augucugauaauggaccccaaaaucagcgaaaugcaccccgcauuacguuugguggacccucagauucaacuggcaguaaccagaauggagaacgcaguggggcgcgaucaaaacaacgucggccccaagguuuacccaauaauacugcgucuugguucaccgcucucacucaacauggcaaggaagaccuuaaauucccucgaggacaaggcguuccaauuaacaccaauagcaguccagaugaccaaauuggcuacuaccgaagagcuaccagacgaauucgugguggugacgguaaaaugaaagaucucaguccaagaugguauuucuacuaccuaggaacugggccagaagcuggacuucccuauggugcuaacaaagacggcaucauauggguugcaacugagggagccuugaauacaccaaaagaucacauuggcacccgcaauccugcuaacaaugcugcaaucgugcuacaacuuccucaaggaacaacauugccaaaaggcuucuacgcagaagggagcagaggcggcagucaagccucuucucguuccucaucacguagucgcaacaguucaagaaauucaacuccaggcagcaguaggggaacuucuccugcuagaauggcuggcaauggcggugaugcugcucuugcuuugcugcugcuugacagauugaaccagcuugagagcaaaaugucugguaaaggccaacaacaacaaggccaaacugucacuaagaaaucugcugcugaggcuucuaagaagccucggcaaaaacguacugccacuaaagcauacaauguaacacaagcuuucggcagacgugguccagaacaaacccaaggaaauuuuggggaccaggaacuaaucagacaaggaacugauuacaaacauuggccgcaaauugcacaauuugcccccagcgcuucagcguucuucggaaugucgcgcauuggcauggaagucacaccuucgggaacgugguugaccuacacaggugccaucaaauuggaugacaaagauccaaauuucaaagaucaagucauuuugcugaauaagcauauugacgcauacaaaacauucccaccaacagagccuaaaaaggacaaaaagaagaaggcugaugaaacucaagccuuaccgcagagacagaagaaacagcaaacugugacucuucuuccugcugcagauuuggaugauuucuccaaacaauugcaacaauccaugagcagugcugacucaacucaggccuaaacucaugcagaccacacaaggcag

    orf10: gizemli rna zinciri
    ne iş yaptığı anlaşılamayan bir diğer bölüm. hatta bu zincir kullanılarak herhangibir protein oluşturulduğu da kesin değil.

    augggcuauauaaacguuuucgcuuuuccguuuacgauauauagucuacucuugugcagaaugaauucucguaacuacauagcacaaguagauguaguuaacuuuaaucucacauag

    kapanış zinciri:
    virüs rna'sının son bölümüne baktığımızda gördüğümüz kısım. bu zincirdeki harfleri okuyan hücre yeterli bilgiyi aldığını farkederek üretimi bitiriyor. zincirin sonu bir sürü aaaaaaaaaaaaa harflerinden oluşuyor.

    caaucuuuaaucaguguguaacauuagggaggacuugaaagagccaccacauuuucaccgaggccacgcggaguacgaucgaguguacagugaacaaugcuagggagagcugccuauauggaagagcccuaauguguaaaauuaauuuuaguagugcuauccccaugugauuuuaauagcuucuuaggagaaugacaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaa

    bu işlevler göze karmaşık görünse de virüsün insan eliyle üretildiği anlamına gelmiyor. insanlık henüz ortaya çıkmamışken de vrüsler bu şekilde çalışıyorlardı.

    bu bilgileri new york times'ın aşağıdaki makalesinden aldım.
    https://www.nytimes.com/…l?utm_source=pocket-newtab

    new york times da aşağıdaki kaynaklardan almış:
    fan wu et al., nature; national center for biotechnology ınformation; dr. david gordon, university of california, san francisco; dr. matthew b. frieman and dr. stuart weston, university of maryland school of medicine; dr. pleuni pennings, san francisco state university; david haussler and jason fernandes, u.c. santa cruz genomics ınstitute; journal of virology; annual review of virology.

    notlar:
    1: 30kb zincirin uzunluğu kolay anlaşılsın diye belirtildi ama bir byte 256 ayrı değer alabiliyor. oysa bir nükleotid 4 ayrı değer alabiliyor. yani virüs rna'sını bit'ler ile ifade ediyor olsaydık herhangibir sıkıştırma uygulamadan sadece 30/64 kilobyte boyutunda bir bit zinciri yeterli olacaktı. tabii ki her byte'ın bir nükleotidi temsil ettiği durumda 30kb tabiri doğru oluyor.
  • virüs açık kaynak mıymış? lisanslıysa başın belada aslanım.
  • hayatımda ilk kez bu kadar uzun bir entryi okumamı sağlayan, ekşisözlüğe yakışır bir konudur.
  • virüs hakkında bu kadar bilgi sahibi olmamiz büyük şans. buna rağmen henüz bir tedavi bulamamış olmamız ise üzücü.

    yukarda anlatılanlar ele alındığında bu proteinlerden herhangi birini işlevsiz hale getirilmesi esas amaç galiba.

    okurken mikro dünyada aslında ne kadar büyük bir mesai yaşanıyor hissiyatı doğuyor.
  • corona virüsünün debian tabanlı olduğunu öğrendiğimiz kod. bildiğin open source lan bu. gideyim de matrix izleyim kendime geleyim.
  • esprilerin havada uçuştuğu başlık.
  • orf 8 icin soyluyorum. 6. satirdaki ucuncu ”g” yanlis.
  • kodu biliyorsak hack de yapabiliriz. saldirin türk hackerler!
  • ay-yıldız tim'in bir gün içerisinde hackleyerek etkisiz hale getireceği virüsün kodları, türk bayraklı bir indexde attık mıydı kartlar yeniden dağıtılır (bkz: ay-yıldız tim göreve)
  • kardeş klavyen sağ mı?
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