nobel fizik ödülü

• 2016 yılı nobel fizik ödülü şu araştırmacılara verilmiş:
  
  david j. thouless (1/2)
  duncan m. haldane(1/4)
  michael kosterlitz (1/4)
  
  veriliş nedeni: for theoretical discoveries of topological phase transitions and topological phases of matter.
  the scientists used a branch of mathematics called topology to redefine what was thought possible in materials. ın work that began in the 1970s, they demonstrated that superconductivity - the ability of electrons to whizz through matter with zero resistance - was possible in thin surface layers of materials.