mla

• bir tur yazim formati
  http://www.mla.org/
  
  $u $ekilde ozetlenebilir:
  
  the academic essay.
  
  the average university instructor has to read hundreds, if not thousands of essays every academic year. what he or she wants more than anything is an
  · essay which can be apprehended quickly,
  · one in which the main idea is stated clearly and in which every part of the essay refers to that idea;
  · an essay in which the arguments are well organized and fully supported,
  · in which the conclusion summarizes the main idea and the supporting arguments
  · and ends with a projection, advice or an idea discovered in the course of the argument.
  
  in addition to this, the essay is expected to be mechanically perfect, meaning
  · no spelling errors,
  · no grammatical errors,
  · no inappropriate diction,
  · and no ambiguity.
  this also means that
  · every reference has to be attributed accurately
  · and the works-cited section has to be complete in case the reference needs to be checked.
  
  academic essays all look the same:
  · 2.5 cm margins,
  · 12 point new times roman font,
  · double-spaced
  · and justified only on the left-hand side.
  · no fancy fonts, no clip art, no ornate covers, or cover sheets.
  academic essays are generally conform to an internationally agreed-upon set of rules - in this case, the mla style -- which ensures that the reader will be able to appreciate the individual writer’s unique way of thinking, rather than his or her aesthetic idiosyncrasies.
  
  what follows is a simplified version of the mla’s rules governing the mechanics of an essay -- that is, punctuation, spelling, the presentation of names, numbers, titles of works, and quotations, along with rules of style that all undergraduate writers should know. the model essay at the end shows many of these rules in context.
  mla style rules.
  
  punctuation.
  the primary purpose of punctuation is to ensure the clarity and readability of writing. be sure to leave a space after punctuation marks, not before.
  
  commas
  are used to separate words, phrases and clauses in a series:
  
  we are taking short vacations in march, july and september. in march we plan to visit the plains of
  hungary, the mountains of switzerland, and the golden shores of western italy.
  
  to set off a parenthetical comment:
  
  the tudors, for example, ruled for over a century.
  
  to enclose clauses adding information to the main sense of the sentence:
  
  the color of the costume, blue, acquires symbolic meaning in the story.
  
  semicolons
  are used between independent clauses not linked by a conjunction:
  
  the coat is torn beyond repair; still, the tailor said he can repair it.
  
  between items in a series when the item contains commas:
  
  present at the party were jack oakey, the famous comedian; phyllis diller, the well-known actress; and
  mel brooks, the host.
  
  colons
  are used to introduce a list:
  
  the safety deposit box contained all his assets: treasury bonds, cash, several gold watches and an
  assortment of jewelry.
  
  dashes and parentheses
  are - respectively - sharp and sharper breaks of continuity in a sentence, and should
  be used sparingly:
  
  the colors of the costume - blue, scarlet, and yellow - take on symbolic meaning in the story.
  
  the colors of the costume (blue, scarlet, and yellow) take on symbolic meaning in the story.
  
  a dash consists of two hyphens, or a hyphen separated by single spaces on either end.
  
  hyphens
  are used in compound adjectives beginning with an adverb such as better, best, ill,
  lower, little, or well, when the adjective precedes a noun, not after a noun.:
  
  he may be well-dressed but he is ill-suited to the job.
  
  apostrophes
  are used to form the possessives ‘s and s’.
  
  to the possessive of any singular proper noun, add ‘s; to a plural proper noun, add
  only an apostrophe:
  
  is that jim’s tennis racquet or dennis’s? no, it’s the twins’.
  
  do not use an apostrophe to form the plural of an abbreviation or a number. instead,
  write:
  
  phds, mas, vcrs, iras, 1990s, fours, a score in the 1400s.
  
  quotation marks
  are used around a word or phrase which is used in a special sense or purposefully
  misused.
  
  their ‘friend’ brought about their downfall.
  
  remember that using ‘so-called’ before a word or phrase makes quotation marks unnecessary; also, that in academic writing it is better to find the actual word you are looking for, rather than purposefully misusing one.
  
  periods, question marks, and exclamation points
  all end sentences. exclamation points should not be used in academic writing. limit
  the use of question marks, and avoid all rhetorical questions.
  
  names of persons
  are given in full the first time they are mentioned; after that, they are referred to only
  by their surname.
  
  rules for capitalization and underlining in titles:
  capitalize the first and last words in any title, along with nouns, pronouns, verbs,
  adjectives, adverbs, and subordinating conjunctions do not capitalize articles, prepositions, coordinating conjunctions, nor the “to” in infinitives.
  
  death of a salesman
  the teaching of spanish in english-speaking countries
  what are you doing in my universe?
  
  underline books, plays, long poems published as books, pamphlets, periodicals, films,
  radio and tv programs, cds, audiocassettes, record albums, ballets, operas,
  instrumental music compositions, paintings, sculptures, ships, aircraft, and spacecraft.
  
  use quotations marks for works published within larger works, such as short stories,
  chapters of a novel, poems, and articles.
  
  quotation procedure.
  
  quote only words, phrases, lines and passages that are particularly interesting, vivid, unusual or apt, and keep all quotations as short as possible.
  
  quotations must reproduce the original sources exactly. a quotation must be integrated in the sentence that contains it; alternatively, you may paraphrase the original and quote only fragments (see: model essay).
  
  if a quotation is no longer than four lines, place it in quotation marks and incorporate it into the text (see: model essay).
  
  if a quotation is longer than four lines, begin a new line, indent 10 spaces or 1” or 2.5 cm from the left margin, double space, and quote without using quotation marks. the parenthetical reference follows after the last period of the quoted passage.
  
  ellipsis
  in quoting a passage, you will frequently want to omit words, phrases, or sentences in the original that are not useful to your argument. follow two principles: fairness to the author, and grammatical integrity. use three spaced ellipses ( . . . ) to indicate where material is omitted, and four ( . . . . ) at the end of a sentence. four periods can also indicate a missing sentence.
  
  pay particular attention to the way quotations are used in all course book articles.
  
  the use of i, you, we
  in an academic essay is a matter for the instructor to decide. in this class, “i” may be used, but sparingly; “you” and “we” should be avoided as much as possible.
  
  =>works cited ise:
  
  kent, milton. “longer cigarettes, tighter filters: getting to the pulmonary pump.”
  exercise while you work. ed. frederica mork. los angeles: alfred knopf
  publishers, 2001. pp. 115-129
  mcclure, ellen. smoking: the key to athletic success. new york: columbia up, 1999.
  milgram, mark. “the effects of temperature variations on the mucal membranes of heavy
  smokers.” philip morris on the net, http://www.breathe/_easy.com.
  mork, frederica, ed. exercise while you work. “smoking before breakfast.” alfred knopf
  publishers, 2001. pp. 43-88
• citation kelimesini duyduğumda arkama bakmadan kaçma sebebim olan format.
• senelerdir ödev hazırlamak için harcadığım zamanın neredeyse 3 katını alan bir yazım tekniği. hazırlayıp bitirdiğimde kağıda bakarken duyduğum hazzı kimselere anlatamasam da hocaların aynı hazzı almadıklarını anladığım anda sadece works cited denen bela için bile harcadığım saatlere yanmakla kalıyorum. sonunda müsait bir kütüphaneden bir isbn edinip, kendimi rafa kaldıracağım bu illet yüzünden.
• diğer^** yazım tarzları ile arasındaki citation farklılıkları şuradan görülebilecek olan format.
• onsuz bir hayat düşünemiyorum. icq'da bile mla uyguluyorum. ciddi güzeldir.
• http://owl.english.purdue.edu/owl/resource/747/01/ adresinden ücretsiz online bir kılavuzuna ulaşılabilir...
• en yaygın tez yazım formatı
• öefh ulan proje verenin, proje alan kafamın ağzını yüzünü dedirten oluşum. bitmiyor kardeşim. 12 sayfa yazı yazdım yemin billah daha uzun sürüyor kaynakları düzenlemek... ya sabır...
• ks. modern language association
• makaleleriniz ve tezlerinizde bu formatta tweet cite etmek için: http://www.mla.org/style/handbook_faq/cite_a_tweet